Susan Raju Paul MBBS, researcher at VIC, recently published results of an in-depth analysis of the tumor microenvironment (TME) using a small cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common histopathological variant of lung cancer. Results of the pilot study support the use of a patient’s unique TME and immune subpopulations as prognostic indicators for selection of appropriate treatment for improving patient health care outcomes. Future research lies in validating these findings with a larger cohort in effort to better characterize and understand expression of immune markers and subtypes of NSCLC and implications for treatment.